![]() Most physical measurements are made relative to a chosen reference system. Sections marked with a star can be omitted without significant loss of continuity. ![]() Relativity The Relativity of Orientation and Origin Moving Reference Frames Classical Relativity and the Speed of Light The Michelson–Morley Experiment ★ The Postulates of Relativity Measurement of Time The Relativity of Time Time Dilation Evidence for Time Dilation Length Contraction The Lorentz Transformation Applications of the Lorentz Transformation The Velocity-Addition Formula The Doppler Effect ★ Problems for Chapter 1 ★ At the end of Chapter 2, we briefly describe general relativity, which is the generalization of relativity to include gravity and accelerated reference frames. In Chapter 2 we describe how the new ideas about space and time required a radical revision of Newtonian mechanics and a redefinition of the basic ideas - mass, momentum, energy, and force - on which mechanics is built. Then we describe how Einstein’s careful analysis of the relationship between different reference frames, taking account of the observed invariance of the speed of light, changed our whole concept of space and time. In Chapter 1 we describe how several of the ideas of relativity were already present in the classical physics of Newton and others. In Parts III and IV we describe the applications of these great theories to several areas of modern physics. ![]() The second, quantum theory, was the work of many physicists, including Bohr, Einstein, Heisenberg, Schrödinger, and others it is the subject of Part II. ![]() The first of these, relativity, was pioneered mainly by one person, Albert Einstein, and is the subject of Part I of this book (Chapters 1 and 2). FPO Chapter 1 The Space and Time of Relativity Chapter 2 Relativistic Mechanics Two great theories underlie almost all of modern physics, both of them discovered during the first 25 years of the twentieth century. ![]()
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